A PANORAMIC STUDY OF THE MANDIBULAR CONDYLE MORPHOLOGY

Authors

  • Sobia Salam Department of Oral Biology, Rehman College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan.
  • Asma Ali Department of Oral Biology, Bacha Khan Dental College, Mardan, Pakistan
  • Murad Ali shah Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar, Pakistan
  • Momena Rashid Department of Oral Biology, Rehman College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan
  • Zainab Akbar Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Rehman College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan
  • Asmat Ullah Department of Oral Medicine, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33279/jkcd.v16i01.862

Keywords:

Condylar morphology, condylar abnormalities, Mandibular condyle, Panoramic radiography, Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), Morphology, TMJ disorders, Panoramic imaging technique

Abstract

Objectives: The study aims to evaluate mandibular condyle morphology, gender peculiarities, population predominant shape, and symmetry between condyles in Peshawar district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, through visual inspection.

Materials and Methods: A Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Rehman College of Dentistry in Peshawar from February to April 2019. The study included 380 individuals aged 15-35, with 760 condyles. The participants had fully erupted, periodontally healthy teeth and sound temporomandibular joints. The study classified mandibular condyle morphology into four types: oval, bird beak, diamond, and crooked finger.

Results: The study found that the majority of condyles (52.4%) were round/oval, followed by bird beak (24.5%), diamond (24.6%) and crooked finger (12.6%). Females had no significant difference in condyle symmetry, with 188 condyle pairs symmetric.

Conclusion: OPG, a low-dose imaging prescription, provides valuable insights into condyles, particularly oval-shaped ones in both sexes. Expanding sample sizes could increase population-specifi c information and forensics interest.

 

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Published

2026-03-31

How to Cite

Salam , S. ., Ali, A. ., shah, M. A., Rashid , M. ., Akbar, Z., & Ullah , . A. . (2026). A PANORAMIC STUDY OF THE MANDIBULAR CONDYLE MORPHOLOGY. JOURNAL OF KHYBER COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY, 16(01), 46–50. https://doi.org/10.33279/jkcd.v16i01.862

Issue

Vol. 16 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry

Section

Systematic Review Article/ Meta analysis

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Copyright (c) 2026 Sobia Salam , Asma Ali, Murad Ali shah, Momena Rashid , Zainab Akbar, Asmat Ullah

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